國家教育研究院

　　隨著高齡化社會趨勢的發展，詐欺高齡者事件及其相關犯罪的風險相對的增加，而面對風險的認知是取決於高齡者本身對他人信賴的程度。高齡者一旦成為 ATM匯款詐欺、惡質促銷等涉獵對象後，便陷入無止盡剝削的深淵。此種改變手法的犯罪形式，讓高齡者很容易持續受騙。高齡者消費受騙的主要原因，是認知機能呈現緩低下，加上處於孤立生活狀態，便容易形成。也就是說高齡者面對「經濟」、「健康」、「孤獨」等極大不安的狀況，讓惡質業者得以乘虛而入，處心積慮、巧言令色的博取信任後，而謀取儲金、土地、房舍等財產。高齡者在家生活居多，訪問推銷及電話販售是高齡者消費受害的特徵。

　　本文旨在探討，高齡化社會消費詐欺之防止及高齡者消費學習為研究主題，針對高齡者可能遭遇到的消費詐欺問題，在接受正確的消費行為教育過程中，尋求協助防止其受害之衍生。同時透過以上之探討，審慎思考擴大高齡者社會活動之參與建立高齡者的情誼，以達到生活關懷面的相互支援，進而形成基本的高齡者消費詐欺防治網。同時也期望能建構符合時代需求及落實高齡者教育本質之消費實徵性研究。最後，根據研究結果提供我國高齡化社會消費學習教育之參考。本研究之主要針對高齡者在終身學習的架構下，給予適切的消費教育及學習支援，始能有效的防範高齡者消費詐欺的衍生，其具體作為整理如下：

(一)高齡者外在教育的學習支援

1.創造高齡者生活為主體的觀點，規劃適切的高齡者消費教育的學習內涵。同時更配合消費學習活動的推展，有效建構高齡者消費生活的防制意識。

2.建構高齡者適合的生活及居住環境之同時，也能藉由高齡者參與社會活動來活化區域環境的發展，並進而形成生活關心網絡。

3.規劃高齡者擁有豐富生活空間及資訊接收管道，以降低消費詐欺發生之可能。

4.適切調整終身學習的教育，逐步形成符合高齡者生活消費需求的教學案例。

(二)高齡者內在學習的自我要求

1.高齡者為面對未來必須有展現自我學習期待之意願，嘗試建構自我學習的進程，以避免因孤獨而衍生歹徒有機可趁的機會。

2.有效活用社會教育各種資源，提供高齡者成長空間及創造更大價值的機會。

　　As our population continues to age, hundreds of thousands of senior citizens continue to be exploited as victims to various types of consumer fraud each year. Senior consumer fraud is a very serious and growing problem as it creates fear and distrust among the elderly. Many of the victims feel humiliated to report the fraud or they may not know where to turn to for help. Several factors that make senior citizens an ideal target include: decreasing cognitive skills, living on their own, and trusting in others. By preying on the individual’s financial well-being, health, and loneliness, many seniors are manipulated to relinquish their savings, land, and/or other properties.

　　The purpose of this study is to discuss the effectiveness of education in the prevention consumer fraud. Promotion of consumer education will facilitate increased social interaction, establish consumer awareness, and create a mutual support system for seniors to effectively deal with consumer scams and schemes. Additionally, the study will focus on effectiveness of lifelong learning in the prevention of consumer fraud. This study provides recommendations in two areas:

I. Continuing Senior Citizen Education

1. Plan and develop consumer education from the elderly perspective.

2. Establish a positive social network to create a safe living environment for seniors to freely participate in social activities.

3. Provide social infrastructure to enable free flow of information to educate and prevent consumer fraud.

4. Update the education curriculum continuously to meet the changing consumer demands.

II. Self Learning Requirements

1. Seniors must demonstrate the ability and willingness to learn.

2. Effectively use community education, lifelong learning, and other resources to promote self-growth and learning opportunities.