國家教育研究院

　　各國政府在面臨高等教育擴充以及財政能力減弱的雙重壓力下，對於學生 資助方案的提供，已從過去以無償獎助學金為主，逐漸轉移到以學生貸款為重。 綜觀主要國家學生貸款方案之推動情形，係以英國、美國、澳洲、日本和韓國 等國家之運作方式，屬於國際間較具參考價值的幾個案例，前揭國家之學生貸 款方案不僅在放款和回收等各個環節上都較具制度並設有專責機構管理，且各 國政府對方案的大力支持也對整個貸款業務的順利推動發揮重要作用。因此， 本研究擬以前述五個國家為參照國家，透過對各國學生貸款方案之實施現況與 近年改革重點之探究，藉此作為精進我國相關政策之參考。為達前述目的，本 研究透過文件分析與比較研究法，除蒐集與整理各國官方文件與學術文獻外， 並對所蒐集到的資料進行比較，藉此釐清各國特色與異同處，作為後續分析之 基礎，最後根據研究結果，提出結論與政策建議。在政策建議方面，包括：壹、 擴充貸款方案類型以因應不同背景學生需求；貳、貸款利息補貼應以經濟弱勢 學生為對象，並考量通貨膨脹率；參、延長償債期限或降低償債金額，舒緩借 款人之還款壓力；肆、在稅制未臻健全前，不宜貿然引進依收入比率還款方式； 伍、配合國家政策目標或社會發展需求，提供債務減免機會；陸、強化學生貸 款資訊公開與整合，協助學生及早進行理財規劃。

　　Confronting the pressure of the decline in tax revenues that weakens the fiscal capacity, every government around the world appears to change their financial support schemes for students from non-repayable grant to student loans. Reviewing the student loan programs in certain major countries that are notably informative, e.g., U.K., U.S, Australia, Japan and South Korea, there is a trend showing that those countries have not only established designated institutes to issue, manage, and collect student loans, but also demonstrated that government’s support plays an important role in the operation of their student loan programs. In this regard, this study aimed to analyze the five countries presented above. Specifically, the study would be devoted to the understanding of the implementation of the student loan programs as well as the recent educational reforms in the countries and its implications for Taiwan. Namely, by utilizing the methods of document analysis and comparative research, it not only collected and organized the governmental documents and relevant academic literature in the countries, but also revealed the similarities/dissimilarities among them with the methods of description, interpretation, juxtaposition and comparison. Based on the findings of this study, suggestions relatied to the future reform of financial support schemes for students will be proposed.