國家教育研究院

　　本研究之國民素養指的是完成十二年國民基本教育的18歲學生，無論繼續接受高等教育，又或是進入職場，能迎接生活以及生涯的挑戰，並迅速地掌握所需的知識技能，以及與人溝通合作的能力。為瞭解國內高中、高職三年級學生是否具備因應未來挑戰的國民素養，國家教育研究院依據「教育部提升國民素養實施方案」，於民國101年成立「提升國民素養專案辦公室」後，已逐步完成國民素養之內涵、指標、評量與調查架構，並在103年完成「預調查」工作。104及105年度持續進行國民素養之調查工作，於4月至7月間針對各素養進行命/修/審題會議，8月底至9月初進行預試工作，確定各素養題本數及組卷區塊後，完成語文素養（含國語文、英語文）、數學素養、科學素養、數位素養向度調查題本及共同問卷，並於10月完成正式調查，共計抽樣9,480人，實際受測人數為9,163人。

　　為了瞭解高三學生國民素養的各向度表現，本研究以學籍、性別、父母親教育程度、自我期許未來最高學歷及平日、假日做作業時間與學習力為分析變項。從各素養分析結果顯示，女生的素養學習成就表現普遍優於男生；高中生相對高職生表現較佳；學生素養學習成就表現與父母親教育程度及自我期許未來最高學歷呈正相關，平日及假日作作業時間越長者，素養學習成就表現也有較佳的趨勢，而做作業時間和學習力變項對於素養表現的影響程度又以假日作作業時間、平日做作業時間、學習策略與同儕關係影響素養表現程度較高。另外，學習力的五個面向中，女生除了自我概念與自尊面向低於男生外，其餘的學習動機、社會互動及利他思維、同儕關係，及學習策略均高於男生，並達到顯著效果，由此可以發現女生在學習方面的態度較為正向。

　　依據調查結果，因女生的各素養學習成就表現高於男生，除了學習力問卷中的自我概念與自尊面向低於男生外，其餘的學習態度均高於男生，因此建議應強調適性輔導，依據學生特質提供合宜的學習策略，激發男學生的學習動機，鼓勵社會參與及社會服務，增進人際關係和諧，以提升男生素養學習表現。 本報告為105年度的成果報告，內容以國民素養研究發現為主，關於研究設計、抽樣過程、分析方式，以及各素養的評量架構、標準設定以及試題品質分析…等技術操作方面，請見105年度之技術報告。

　　National literacy study was to investigate 18-year-old students’ ability to accept life and career challenge, grasp the knowledge quickly, and communicate and cooperate with others. NAER has established the national literacy project office to set up the subject scope, indices, and assessment framework. Five subjects were included, they were Mandarin, English, Math, Science, and Digital. We have finished the pilot study in 2014, for 2015 and 2016, we worked on writing and revising test items. In 2016, a total of 9480 high school and vocational high school students were tested and 9163 subjects had completed the test.

　　To understand the literacy performance of 18-year-old students, this study analyzed the variables including school, gender, education level of parents, self-expectation, learning to learn attitude, and homework time. The results showed that female students outperformed male students and senior high performed better than vocational high school students. Also female students demonstrated better motivation, interaction and altruism attitude than male students. Students' academic performance had positive relationship with parents' education level and self-expectation. Those spending more time on homework also performed better.

　　For policy suggestions, first, adaptive counseling should be emphasized, and proper learning strategy should be provided based on the characteristics of students such as male students and vocational high school students. Secondly, school curriculum and instruction should adopt literacy defined as shown in this study in order to empower students. The report is based on the 2016 test results. To know more about the research design, sampling process, analysis process, assessment framework, standard setting and item quality analysis of this project, please read 2016 technical report.