國家教育研究院

　　視覺動作能力是兒童的書寫能力的先備技能。國內、外學者提出視覺動作能力可以預測兒童的書寫表現，亦可以用來瞭解兒童的精細動作能力，可見瞭解視覺動作整合能力的重要性。而國內經常使用的視覺動作整合測驗工具大部分是由國外學者所編製。然而中文與英文字體差異甚多，如果能再另外發展一份更符合中文字體基本筆劃、結構的視覺動作整合測驗，應該更能預測中文書寫的表現。傳統的視覺動作整合的測驗在施測過程計分方式會讓施測者手忙腳亂，可能會影響計分準確性。而電腦化視覺動作整合測驗可以取得運動學、動力學的資料，將會使的試測結果更為精確。因此本研究的結果對於早期發現、早期療育、特殊教育將有重大的貢獻，不用等到學童進入國民小學才發現其書寫方面的障礙，可盡早的接受診斷與治療訓練。本研究將依：一、視覺動作整合與書寫能力的發展，二、視覺動作整合機制，三、視覺動作整合的影響因素，四、相關視覺動作整合評量工具的研究，五、視覺動作整合電腦化評量的重要性，六、利用分類器得出最優之方法，七、綜合分析做文獻探討。本計畫擬以三年的時間進行研究，各年的研究目的條列如下：第一年一、編製適合4至6歲學童之「視覺動作整合電腦化評量工具」。二、建置「視覺動作整合電腦化評量工具」所需硬體環境。三、發展一套適配的電腦數位計分程式，建構「視覺動作整合電腦化評量」。第二年一、驗證「視覺動作整合評量工具」之信度、效度。二、建立4至6歲兒童在電腦化視覺動作整合的表現的資料庫。三、分析不同屬性（性別、年齡、書寫困難）之學童在視覺動作整合的差異情形。四、分析視覺動作整合障礙的不同嚴重程度、及不同的亞型。第三年一、追蹤4至6歲兒童收集第二年樣本資料，在一年後之視覺動作整合表現，了解視覺動作整合的成長情形。二、探討視覺動作整合表現及其成長資料對書寫能力的預測力。三、探討並比較不同屬性對第二年視覺動作整合表現、及對視覺動作整合成長的差異情形。四、探討相關因素（如握筆姿勢、精細動作、手指力量、握力、動作精確度）在視覺動作整合表現及視覺動作整合成長的預測力。

　　The ability of visual motor integration is pre-writing skills for children. The scholars from domestic and foreign areas proposed that visual motor integration may predict the writing performance, may also use for to understand child's fine motor ability. Thus, to identify the ability of visual motor integration is obviously important. Most of tools of visual motor integration assessment used in Taiwan were developed by foreign scholars. However the writing style of Chinese and English is different from each other. If we could develop an assessment tool based on the basic stroke and structure of Chinese, it should be able to more accurately predict the writing performance. Classical assessment tools of visual motor integration might keep examiner busy to influence the accuracy of scoring. The computerized assessment tool of visual motor integration can obtain the kinematics, kinetic data to increase the accuracy of scoring. This research will make contribution to early finding, early intervention, and special education because we could early diagnose the problem of writing performance. This research has seven key points to describe: 1.The development of visual motor integration and writing performance. 2. The neurological mechanism of visual motor integration. 3. Important factors for visual motor integration. 4. The developed assessment tool of visual motor integration. 5. The importance of the computerized assessment tool for visual motor integration. 6. To obtain the best method by using various classifiers. 7. The comprehensive analyses of contribution of literature review. This study plans to conduct three years to achieve research objectives. The objectives for each year list by item as follows: The first year: 1. To develop the computerized assessment tool of visual motor integration for the 4 to 6 year-old children. 2. To establish the hardware environment for the computerized assessment tool of visual motor integration. 3. To develop a set of adaptive and digital scoring program for the computerized assessment tool of visual motor integration. The Second year: 1. To verify the reliability and validity of the computerized assessment tool of visual motor integration. 2. To establishes the database of the performance of visual motor integration for the 4 to 6 year-old children. 3. To analyze the difference of visual motor integration by sex, age, and dysgraphia. 4. To analyze the subtype of the performance of visual motor integration. The third year: 1. To follow the developmental trend of visual motor integration for the 4 to 6 year-old children for one year. 2. To analyze the relationship between the performance of visual motor integration and writing ability. 3. To understand the difference of the second year performance of visual motor integration and developmental progress by sex, age. 4. To explore the related factors for the developmental trend and performance of visual motor integration.