國家教育研究院

　　本研究採取質性研究之半結構式深入晤談法，分析十五位家庭背景不利者之向上流動影響因素，藉由受訪者敘述的生活歷史與自我信念，瞭解國家補償教育與社會流動之的相互關係。 本研究所歸納的結論如下： 一、受訪對象之社會文化背景之不利現象，雖能造成社會流動上的障礙，卻不是直接的因果關係。 二、教育因在?訪者之社會流動上，並未成為曘主要因素，成就動機與自我信念已成為受訪者自認向上流動之主因。 三、父母教育程與經濟背景，首受訪者之社會流動並無直接關係。 四、國內補償教育僅某程度顧及族群弱勢平等精神，卻疏忽經濟弱勢及其他面自弱勢學生之照護。 五、公費制度的廢止並無法達到所謂的公平，只會讓文化背景不利的學生處境更為艱難，難以向上流動。 六、受訪者對教育的觀感好壞取決於其生命經驗中所遭遇過的教師之表現與作為；且教師在輔導學生瞭解、接受家補償教育相關事項上尤其具關鍵性角色。教師角色之良窳影響補償教育政策之成效至鉅。 七、教育已扮演若干居間調節之功能，教師若能提供正常的教學，就是學校提供適度競爭的機會，增加弱勢地區學生較多的參照標準，以增加學生在學校中的成就感，增加學生自信，便能促進其向上流動之助力。 八、在社區文化的部份，學夜當地之升學風氣與社區補的楷模，足以成為學生向上流動之重要因素。 九、在教育優先區之成效方面，課後輔導部份普遍獲得正面評價。而在親職教育方面，應針對特定目標對象加強輔導，並能確定經費來源之穩定性。

　　The purpose of this research is for analyzing the social mobility experiences of fifteen cultural disadvantaged persons. In order to understanding the inter-relation between the factors of upward-social mobility and related national education compensatory programs, this research explores these persons’ educational experiences, personal belief about upward-social mobility, and opinions of compensatory education. This study employs semi-structured interview techniques to collect related experiences. The conclusions of the thesis are as follows: (a) The SES of our objects is not direct factors about social mobility. (b) Our objects don’t admit that educational factors are main factor could promote upward mobility. They think their achievement motivations and self beliefs are major factors. (c) Parents’ educational and economic background is shown indirect relation to social mobility. (d) Taiwan’s compensatory education programs ignore many disadvantage aspects students. (e) To abolish the public expense could not achieve the objective of so-called equity. (f) Teacher plays an important role in our objects’ upward mobility history. (g) Educational factors play regulatory role between cultural disadvantage and social mobility. (h) School and local community culture and affect students’ beliefs of upward mobility. (i) In Taiwan’s EPA outcome aspect, after-school enhancing program is evaluated positive to students’ educational achievement. in Parental educational aspect, aiming to certain objects in-need precisely and ensuring the stability of funds is important.