國家教育研究院

內容： 　　
　　國家教育研究院（簡稱國教院）編譯發展中心為提高學術傳播效益，向國際社會分享臺灣學術成果，曾積極推動中文學術圖書英譯工作，但考量全書翻譯成本高昂且費時較長，亟需其他更具成本效益之作法。本研究計畫探討建立中文學術圖書英文摘要（簡稱中書英摘）機制之形式，協助臺灣之人文及社會科學領域學術論著進入國際學術傳播系統。研究團隊以焦點訪談法和深度訪談法蒐集並分析人文社會學者、翻譯界、出版界、索引與摘要專家、以及相關政府單位等多位專家意見。計畫內容探討中書英摘之效益、可能遭遇困難、計畫所需行政支持、人文社會專書評選方式、英摘審查方式，並且依據研究結果提出計畫可行推動模式、成果發行方案和英摘成品的撰寫與評鑑方式。?

　　訪談分析結果顯示受訪專家學者對中書英摘抱持樂觀態度，認為該計畫對產、官、學等領域均能帶來正面效益，值得加以推動，但受訪者也指出計畫於推動時可能會面臨的困難與挑戰，包括英譯的技術問題、摘要之實務問題、摘譯工作學術誘因不高、當前翻譯與出版界的條件限制、英摘預設目標是否得宜等問題。受訪者也指出中書英摘如要長久推動並達到最大效益，還需要多方行政支持，例如臺灣應建立整體的國家學術傳播政策，改變學術翻譯獎酬機制，國教院也必須持續推動各類配套措施來輔助學術摘譯發展。至於在圖書甄選作法部份，歸納受訪者意見可得四種甄選原則：利用客觀數據或指標選擇、優先甄選具臺灣特色之領域或主題、開放專家與大眾推薦、及依據作品特質優先遴選個案論著等，國教院可視計畫短、中、長目標來選用。在英摘審查方式部份，則建議英摘成品採摘要形式、內容審查和語言審查等三標準審查，方可確保成果品質。?

　　依據訪談資料分析，研究團隊對中書英摘計畫初期的推展作法提出兩種建議方案：以研究案形式委託各學科領域學者進行系統化的中書遴選與英摘編譯，或以委外合作方式交由民間學術出版社進行系統化的英摘製作。在英摘成果的發行與推廣部分，本研究則提出一套以英摘專刊發行為基礎、另以多重電子管道傳播推廣英摘內容的構想，發行英摘專刊是希望藉以提高摘譯工作的學術地位與酬報，並爭取國內外索摘資料庫收錄，以多重電子管道如中書英摘專屬網站平台、電子報、RSS、Web 2.0等應用，則是在廣拓英摘能見度與好用性，使計畫成果充分發揮國際學術傳播的功效。?

　　最後，在未來發展上，本研究建議國家教育研究院持續進行人文社會領域學者研究行為、索摘使用行為、及論述結構的研究，以深入瞭解人文社會學者對學術加值資訊的需求與使用方式，藉以規劃更利國際學術傳播的摘要產製準則或其他有助於國際交流的形式。?

對教育政策之建議與貢獻：?
　　在即刻可行的建議方面，本研究所訪談的學者專家認為中書英摘計畫具有諸多效益，值得加以進行。在計畫進行形式部份，建議將各學門的圖書評選與摘要工作以學術研究案的方式委託給學門專家進行，或以委外合作方式交由具信譽的學術出版社執行。國教院也可立即由受補助出版圖書著手，要求提供英文長摘供後續推廣利用，如此有利於在計畫初期蒐集到較多英文長摘成品。在品質控管上，研究建議英摘審查宜採摘要形式審查、內容審查、語言審查三層次進行。在英摘發行與推廣上，建議以英摘專刊形式發行，並配合多重電子傳播管道推廣之，確保英摘可為外國學者所知所用，達到國際學術傳播之效。?

　　在計畫進行初期時，應先設置人文社會科學圖書的甄選標準，優先選取能展現臺灣主題、特色或可與國際接軌等值得對外推廣的臺灣學者論著，進行少量書籍試作，觀察成果後再擴大規模，如未來計畫繼續發展，則可以完整收錄所有作品為目標，讓中書英摘專屬平台成為臺灣人社學術整體向外發聲的窗口。?

　　在中長期建議方面，受訪者建議國家除了應將中書英摘計畫視為可協助推動國家軟性外交的戰略性計畫外，並應從體制面改善學術獎酬制度以及專業學術翻譯的誘因，例如將中書英譯英摘等工作視為學者生產力的一環，進而納入學術評鑑升等之依據，並改善政府單位翻譯計酬方式（以字計酬對學術翻譯與英摘工作非常不利）。國教院亦可與相關單位、人社專業系所、與翻譯系所合作，建立英譯、摘要、與內容審查之人才庫，並推動產官學合作，如以翻譯實習或學術訓練之方式來擴大英摘撰寫與審查人力，此外，國教院既有的學術名詞與翻譯名詞等語言編譯工作，對提升英譯與英摘品質有極大貢獻，建議持續推動。?

Project Summary?
　　The National Academy for Educational Research (NAER) has long been concerned with Taiwan’s participation in global scholarly communication. The Development Center for Compilation and Translation of NAER has launched projects to translate academic books into English to promote Taiwan’s scholarly achievement. However, the translation of books is costly and requires longer time. The center thus looks for other approaches to facilitate the international sharing of Taiwan’s research output especially in humanities and social sciences. This research project explores the feasibility of establishing a program to create English abstracts for Taiwan’s academic books in humanities and social sciences. Focus group and in-depth interviewing were used to collect experts and stakeholders’ opinions and suggestions for the proposed program. The research goals were to identify the potential benefits and barriers facing the proposed program, the institutional provisions required to make the plan work, the criteria for book selection and abstract review, and finally, to identify the options for project implementation.?

　　The study participants considered the proposed plan as worthy of government investment. It was considered relatively easy and cost-efficient to implement than the translation of an entire book. It may also result in positive outcomes for the scholarly communities and the entire country. The participants also pointed out potential difficulties in the proposed plan including the fundamental problems in translating and abstracting Taiwanese scholarships into a foreign language, the composition and review of English abstracts, the lack of incentives for scholars, and the current shortages for professional translators and publishers to participate in such works. The participants also indicated institutional provisions required for the program’s future?
implementation, including the need for a macro policy framework that would govern Taiwan’s scholarly communication activities in a holistic manner, the need to reshape the incentive structures for scholars to participate in the translation and interpretation of international scholarship, and the continuous development of professional academic translation resources. In regards to the criteria for book selection for creating English abstracts, participants suggested prioritizing award-winning and highly cited works, books that are on Taiwan or show Taiwan’s perspectives, books recommended by domain experts and the general public, and books that are widely known to have enduring values and international impact. The quality of the English abstracts should be governed by a tiered review process including the review of abstract format, content, and language.?

　　Based on the study analyses, this study made the following recommendations on the project implementation and the publishing of English abstract. To launch the project effectively and to achieve immediate visibility and impact, NAER may consider two options for the initial stage implementation: commissioning the book selection and abstracting work to scholars in different humanities and social sciences domains or to a well-reputed academic publisher for large-scaled abstracting. Further, NAER should publish the output of the projects periodically in the form of scholarly abstracting journal to enhance its academic value. But beyond the new abstracting journal, NAER should also employ multiple channels of communication such as Web sites, newsletters, RSS, Web 2.0 applications to widely promote the English abstracts. ?

　　The study concludes by suggesting future research directions in uncovering the research and information behavior of humanities and social sciences researchers especially in their uses of abstracts and the composition structures of scholarly works. The understanding will result in better abstracting quality and other means of information exchange that will benefit the future development of the program.?

Suggestions?
　　The suggestions for immediate application include the following. Firstly, NAER outsource the work to subject domain experts or to experienced academic publishers; this may enhance the incentives for scholars and publishers’ participation. NAER may also start to demand the provision of English abstracts from the book authors or publishers it annually sponsored. Secondly, the proposed English abstracting must go through a tiered review process including abstract format review, content review, and language review to ensure its accuracy and usability. Thirdly, the output of the program should be published in a scholarly abstracting journal and multiple channels should be used to promote the English abstracts internationally. ?
At the initial stage, the program may employ certain book selection criteria to prioritize the abstracting work. The goal is to achieve immediate visibility of Taiwan and Taiwan’s scholarly strengths. Strategic adjustment is necessary to evolve the program. The future of the program might be a highly integrated and comprehensive information portal for Taiwan to promote its scholarship internationally.?

　　For the midterm and long term development of the proposed program, the study calls for a macro policy framework for coordinating Taiwan’s scholarly communication resources and activities in a holistic and planned fashion. The academic reward systems as well as the incentive structures for professional academic translation must also be improved to sustain the effort of international scholarly communication projects. Finally, NAER should continue collaborating with other public and private sectors to enlarge the resources and workforce for the abstracting, translation and review of academic books.?
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