國家教育研究院

　　教科書是近代中國社會變遷的產物，清末在中國的基督教傳教士為宣揚教義及講學，編印教科書，自此教科書成為中小學學生知識學習最重要的途徑。　　民國成立至1949 年期間，中小學教科書發展大致歷經多次變革。民國初年，商務印書館和中華書局在編印教科書的激烈競爭，掀起民國建立後第一次的教科書高潮；1928 年之後，在新學制和逐漸健全的中小學教育體制規範下，教科書的編審、出版獲得新的發展；及至第二次中日戰爭爆發後，雖然受到戰爭影響，中小學教科書仍在有限人力物資下編印出版，務期能讓學生有書可讀。　　本計畫以1912 年至1949 年間在中國出版的中小學歷史教科書、相關的歷史文件、研究報告、研究專書等為素材，運用歷史研究法、批判論述分析法及比較研究法等，進行中華民國成立後中小學歷史教科書制度與內容之研究分析。透過此一研究，希望能了解此期間中小學歷史教科書是如何在特殊的歷史情勢中發展；這個代表「官方記憶」首要工具的歷史教科書，政府是如何透過它型塑民眾對國家民族的認知，以求深刻的了解歷史教科書制度發展與內容的深層意涵。

　　Textbooks were the new things in modern China. For publicizing and teaching the religious doctrines, the missionaries compiled and printed the textbooks in the end of the Qing. From now on textbooks become the most important way to study in the elementary and middle schools in China.　　The elementary and middle schools’ textbooks has been changed many times since Republic of China was established. After the establishment of Republic of China, the Commercial Press and China Publishing House‘s keen competition raised the textbooks’ expansion of the first time. Under the standard of the elementary and middle schools’ educational system, the textbooks’ edition and publishing developed gradually after 1928. After the Second Sino-Japanese war, the elementary and middle schools’ extbooks still compiled and printed under the limited goods and materials. Then students can study and read in wartime.　　Targeting on the history textbooks for elementary and middle schools, historical documents, research reports, and academic monographs published in China between 1912 and 1949, this research tends to analyze and compare the history textbooks’ system and content echoed in these textbooks by using historical analysis, critical discourse and comparative methods. By so doing, the researcher hopes to reconsider as the paramount product of ’official memory’，history textbooks how to convey images of China to people, informing them to reconsider the future of Chinese history education and the more feasible ways to construct the system and content in the elementary and middle schools’ history textbooks.