Aging of population is a common change experience in most countries around the world. Taiwan, Europe, the U.S., and Japan are all facing the problem of population aging. But the aging doesn’t mean unhealthy or ill. More than 80% of the elderly population is healthy and sub-healthy in Taiwan that we should pay attention to satisfy the diverse needs of these elderly people. This study has a better understanding of the status of aging in Taiwan by the literature review, expert panel discussion and case study. The following findings are discovered: (1) There is a lack of a holistic viewpoint to allocate resources. (2) The human resource and available space are severely constrained. (3) The development and innovation of the senior industry are constraint since the government accounting system and performance evaluation are mainly designed for anti-corruption. (4) The community is a lack of a single window to provide the services and information for the elderly. (5) The challenges to elderly population lived in cities are different from in villages. (6) The outdoor activities are inconvenient to elderly and female elderly especially refuse to participate in community activities. This study proposes the following recommendations: (1) To allocate the overall resources appropriately. (2) To reverse the image of the elderly and establish a new definition of the elderly. (3) To strengthen and promote the elderly education. (4) To encourage the elderly to return to work or become volunteers, and improve the elderly personnel training system. (5) To improve the age-friendly housing and living environment. (6) To streamline and relax government rules and regulations to promote the development of senior industries. (7) To reduce unnecessary administrative audits to promote the growth of senior industries. (8) To understand the needs of the elderly and integrate all relative industries into elderly service. (9) To take a variety of ways to nourish local elderly industry. (10) To establish a single-window to integrate elderly service. (11) To provide a wide range of customized services for elderly. In recent years, government invests a lot of resources to rural education; however, the existing major problems are not improved obviously. The current challenges to rural education are not tangible facilities which are sufficient but underutilized. Relatively, qualified teachers and efficient administrative staff are most insufficient to schools of rural areas. Additionally, most students in rural schools are raised by grandparents and single-parent family with a feature of disadvantaged and low-income. Consequently, the rural students rely on their teachers so much that the parents’ responsibilities are substituted by rural teachers. Family education and health education are greatly important to rural students which should be taken more seriously and invested by the public sectors. According to the research approaches of literature review, case study (Jianshih Township, Hsinchu county) and focus group discussion, this study provides policy suggestions as follows: (1) Enacting the “Rural Education Law” to ensure preschool education is highly qualified and compulsory in rural areas. (2) Linking to other public sector policies and establishing an integrated single-window. (3) Encouraging the development of local industries to attract local employees and to help to improve their family functions. (4) Planning education priority areas and establishing rural school associations which are supported by multi-year public expense. (5) Creating a rural education data system to reduce the administrative burden for rural school administrative staff. (6) Designing a performance bonus mechanism to attract and retain the outstanding principals and teachers.