National Academy for Educational Research

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　　字與詞為學習中文的知識基礎，也是語法篇章結構的組成基礎，同時更是國語文課程綱要學習內涵之一。過去有關中文字詞表及調查報告多以頻率及累積頻率排序編列，並無分級標準，未能兼顧語料的不同分類面向及中文語言的組成特性，以致無法選取更具核心特質及應優先教學的國字及語詞；此外，目前十二年國民基本教育國語文課綱對各學習階段國字和語詞學習及使用數量之訂定，追本溯源，其依據為「國小學童常用字詞調查報告書」，編制時間距今已十餘年，難以反映現今語言使用情形。基於國字與語詞在語文教育所扮演的重要性，為調查與時俱進且符合現今中小學學生語文素養的字詞表內容，本計畫擬以語料庫為本，採用統計方式計算出字詞序位，並分析多音多義字詞的語言特徵，再根據十二年國教國語文課綱對各學習階段所訂定的使用字詞，進而編制完成可以反映語文實際使用情形且具有細緻語言特徵分析的各學習階段字詞表。藉由建置中小學學生常用字詞分級標準架構與流程以及編制中小學學生常用字詞分級標準內容，不僅使語文教育知識基礎的建置更臻完善，更渴進一步作為未來每一輪國語文課綱研修國字與語詞學習參考、教科書與工具書編纂、測驗評量研發等面向使用。

　　Characters and words are not only the knowledge base for learning Chinese but also the constituents of syntax and discourse analysis. They are further learning concepts in the Mandarin curriculum guideline. Previous studies and reports on Chinese characters and words are mostly listed in accordance with frequency and cumulative frequency. Neither standards for classification nor different categories and linguistic features they have. As a result, it is impossible to select characters and words that are more core and prioritized in teaching. Moreover, at present, the numbers of Chinese characters and words learned by K-12 students in the Mandarin curriculum guideline in the 12-year basic education are sourced from “The Report on Commonly Used Words by Elementary School Students” (MOE, 2000), which is compiled more than ten years ago and hence is difficult to reflect real language usage today. Based on the importance of Chinese characters and words in language education, to make an updated survey on the usages of characters and words which is advanced with the times and in line with language literacy of K-9 students, this project will adopt corpus-based method to calculate character and word sorting statistically, analyze their polyphonic and polysemous features, and, according to Chinese curriculum in the 12-year basic education, finally develop standards for classification of Chinese characters and words frequently used by K-9 students, in which the subtle linguistic analyses reflect the actual usages of our languages. As a result, this project will design the structure and workflow of standards and develop the contents for classification of Chinese characters and words frequently used by K-9 students, which will make the construction of Chinese education knowledge base more complete and could be a reference for Chinese characters and words learning in each round of guidelines for Chinese curriculum revision, and be further applied to textbooks and reference books compilation, and testing and assessment development.